Pretentious Mothers in Williams’ The Glass Menagerie and Amy Tans’ Two

In the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and the short story â€Å"Two Kinds† by Amy Tan, a theme of embattled control is established through the association with their children. William’s long-winded Amanda is an overpowering, delusional Southern belle mother. Dead set on finding her slightly handicapped daughter Laura a suitable husband, and dictating how her creative, yet bored, son Tom should conduct himself in life. Amanda, through her nagging and domineering instructions over everything each of her children do, from how they eat, to how they should live out their lives, pushes them into mental seclusion. The subsequent overbearing behavior by Amanda in due course drives Tom away leaving Laura in complete solitude with her mother. In a likewise manner, Tan depicts her character Suyuan as a very ambitious overconfident Chinese mother with visions of grandeur for her daughter Jing-Mei. Suyuan after being influenced by a television show decides th at Jing-Mei is to become a child prodigy. Through strict educational instructions, she drives Jing-Mei to a point of contentious revolt. The consequences of Suyuan’s authoritarian treatment to make Jing-Mei a star result in an outburst, after a talent show, causing a deep rift of silence between the two that lasts for twenty years. The parental domineering nature of Amanda in The Glass Menagerie and Suyuan in â€Å"Two Kinds† ultimately fail to force any lasting influential direction on their children, compelling them to follow entirely contradictory paths than the ones preferred by their mothers, forcing their children into rebellion. Nonetheless both mothers wield strong authority over their children, and the motives behind their dictatorial control are directly rela... ...ious physical and mental control over her daughter to become a child prodigy results in a belligerent resistance by Jing-mei. The confrontation between Suyuan and her daughter ultimately drives a rift between the two that lasts for many years. In summary Amanda and Laura would appear to have yielded similar disappointing results by their endeavors to control the destinies of the children. Works Cited Tan, Amy. "Two Kinds." Kirszner, Laurie G. and Stephen R. Mandell. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, Compact Seventh Edition. Ed. Karen Mauk. 7th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Michael Rosenberg, 2009. 694-702. Williams, Tennessee. "The Glass Menagerie." Kirszner, Laurie G. and Stephen R. Mandell. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, Compact Seventh Edition. Ed. Karen Mauk. 7th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Michael Rosenberg, 2009. 1628-1677. Pretentious Mothers in Williams’ The Glass Menagerie and Amy Tans’ Two In the play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams and the short story â€Å"Two Kinds† by Amy Tan, a theme of embattled control is established through the association with their children. William’s long-winded Amanda is an overpowering, delusional Southern belle mother. Dead set on finding her slightly handicapped daughter Laura a suitable husband, and dictating how her creative, yet bored, son Tom should conduct himself in life. Amanda, through her nagging and domineering instructions over everything each of her children do, from how they eat, to how they should live out their lives, pushes them into mental seclusion. The subsequent overbearing behavior by Amanda in due course drives Tom away leaving Laura in complete solitude with her mother. In a likewise manner, Tan depicts her character Suyuan as a very ambitious overconfident Chinese mother with visions of grandeur for her daughter Jing-Mei. Suyuan after being influenced by a television show decides th at Jing-Mei is to become a child prodigy. Through strict educational instructions, she drives Jing-Mei to a point of contentious revolt. The consequences of Suyuan’s authoritarian treatment to make Jing-Mei a star result in an outburst, after a talent show, causing a deep rift of silence between the two that lasts for twenty years. The parental domineering nature of Amanda in The Glass Menagerie and Suyuan in â€Å"Two Kinds† ultimately fail to force any lasting influential direction on their children, compelling them to follow entirely contradictory paths than the ones preferred by their mothers, forcing their children into rebellion. Nonetheless both mothers wield strong authority over their children, and the motives behind their dictatorial control are directly rela... ...ious physical and mental control over her daughter to become a child prodigy results in a belligerent resistance by Jing-mei. The confrontation between Suyuan and her daughter ultimately drives a rift between the two that lasts for many years. In summary Amanda and Laura would appear to have yielded similar disappointing results by their endeavors to control the destinies of the children. Works Cited Tan, Amy. "Two Kinds." Kirszner, Laurie G. and Stephen R. Mandell. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, Compact Seventh Edition. Ed. Karen Mauk. 7th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Michael Rosenberg, 2009. 694-702. Williams, Tennessee. "The Glass Menagerie." Kirszner, Laurie G. and Stephen R. Mandell. Literature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, Compact Seventh Edition. Ed. Karen Mauk. 7th. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Michael Rosenberg, 2009. 1628-1677.

Salem Witch Trials Essay -- Essays Papers

Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch Trials was probably considered the darkest time for the New England Colony. This was a mass murder of women and a few men that were supposed witches. All of this started from two little girls and a bacteria in the bread that affected the brain. This all started on January 20,1692 when nine-year-old Elizabeth Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams started to exhibit strange behavior. Blasphemous screaming, Seizures, Trance-like states and Mysterious spells. After this was noticed other young girls from around Salem began acting the same way. By February No one was able to find any physical causes that could explain why this was happening. So when no physical ailment was determined the physicians they determined that the girls were under the influence of Satan. Reverend Samuel Parris held prayer Services and fasting in hopes of relieving the evil forces that plagued them. In an effort to expose Witches John Indian baked a witch cake made with rye meal and the affected girls’ urine. This was, in theory, to be a counter-magic to reveal the identities of the witches to the affected girls. Under pressure to identify the sources of affliction, the girls’ named three women Tituba, Parris’ Carib Indian slave, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. On the 29 of February arrest warrants went out and the women were arrested. On March 1 magistrates John Hothorne and Jonathan Corwin examined them. Osborne and Good maintained their innocence while Tituba confessed that she saw the devil in the forms of a hog and dog. Yet the thing that started the whole witch-hunt was the comment that she made saying that there was a conspiracy of witches at work in Salem. Over the following months towns folk ca... ...e yet on the 25 of November a Superior Court was founded to finish off the last few witch trails and clear this subject. All those in these trials were proven innocent and released thus ending the Salem Witch Trials. Though the Trials ended in Salem the fire was spreading all over the New England states and thus the trials and deaths went on till those too died down. Yet even after that, the idea of witches never died as they are still with us today and they are most predominate in Salem, where it all began. Works Cited Salem Witch Trials Chronology, Salem Offices of Tourism and Cultural Affairs available at http://www.salemweb.com/memorialAccessed March 1,1999 Salem Witch Trials, Salem Witch Museum, available at http://salemwitchmuseum.com/learn2.html Levack, Brian P. Witchcraft in Colonial America. New York, Garlend Pub., 1992

Budgeting Essay Essay

A1 – Prepare a summary report in which you do the following: 1.Discuss specific budgetary items raise concern in the budget planning (Spreadsheet Tab: Task 2_Budgets_and_Proformas). Competition Bikes has prepared a budget for year nine of operations. In reviewing the budget presented several technical areas of concern have been noted. For ease of review, budgetary issues that raise concerns are presented in a bullet format.  ·The first issue of concern is in the direct materials budget, it appears to be missing the total direct materials budget. There is a raw materials budget and a components budget present, but the two are never combined to complete the direct materials budget. On the surface this omission does not appear to be particularly egregious. However, omitting a total for direct materials can confuse the evaluation of how much money is going just to materials.  ·The second issue of concern can be found in the Manufacturing Overhead Budget. The budget lists quality control under Unit Level Costs, however, quality control is a Batch Level Cost. Unit Level Costs are costs relating to activities performed on each unit. These costs are incurred in a more or less linear pattern which varies directly with the number of units produced. Examples include the electricity used to run production machines and the indirect material such as nuts and bolts used in production. oBatch Level Costs are costs related to production batches. They change in a more or less linear way, varying with the number of batches run. Batch level costs include costs such as machine set up costs, purchasing and material handling costs, and of course quality control and inspection.  ·The third area of concern has to do with utility costs. Included in the manufacturing overhead budget under facility in general operations level costs $55,747 is budgeted for utilities and services. This figure appears again on the budgeted schedule of cost of goods manufactured and sold under manufacturing overhead and is again listed as utilities and services. It is unclear what this costs is for since it appears on the facilities and general operation level expenses simply as utilities and is $150,000. There  is the possibility that these are two different costs, however this question leads into the fourth area of concern. Also on the facility and general operation level expenses is listed and expense for â€Å"other utility services† for $54,000. This additional budgeted expense serves to seriously confound the review of the budget and the determination of budgeted utility expenses.  ·As troubling as all of the above concerns are, the final and most troubling technical aspect of the year 9 budget is the total of operating expenses. When total selling expense is added to total general admin expenses, the total is $54,000 short of the total operating expenses listed on the budget. The most likely explanation for this difference in sums is the exclusion of $54,000 for â€Å"other utility services† from the budgeted income statement. Examination of previous year’s income statements did not result in unbalanced totals only the year 9 budgeted income statement had this problem. In addition to the technical issues, the year nine budget also has several budgetary items that raise concern as well.  · The first issue of concern is the Other General and Administrative Expenses. oThese are expenditures related to the day-to-day operations of Competition Bikes. These expenses are operations expenses rather than expenses which can be directly related to the production of goods or services. General and administrative expenses generally include rent, utilities, insurance, and managerial salaries. Since insurance is not specifically mentioned in the budget, it is likely captured by this expense as well as any other expenses such as office supplies, computer equipment for office personnel, and cleaning products for the break room. oHistorically this budget item has increased from year to year. In year six this item was $120,500, in year seven was $158,000, and in year eight it was $170,000. The increase from year six to year seven was 31%, and while the 8% increase from year seven to year eight is small by comparison, there is no reason to believe that this budgetary expense would remain static from year eight to year nine. Even a minor increase in this figure would be plausible, but zero change is highly unlikely.  ·The second issue of concern is Administrative Salaries. oAt first glance this budget item doesn’t seem to be of concern, however review of years six, seven and eight show that this will be the third year in a row with no budgeted raises for the administrative staff. In year six $140,000 was budgeted for this item, in year seven it was increased to $170,000, where it remains it remains. Management has made a point of noting the retention of high-level production staff, so it stands to reason that competition bikes management would want to retain high-level administrative staff as well. High-level cannot be retained without compensation.  ·The third area of concern is Cash and Cash Equivalents. . oCash and Cash Equivalents’ is an asset that includes currency (coins and bank notes) held by a business (in hand and in bank accounts) and cash equivalents which are assets that are readily convertible into cash, such as money market[->0] holdings, short-term government bonds[->1] or Treasury bills[->2], marketable securities[->3] and commercial paper[->4]. (Cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid assets[->5].) Cash equivalents are distinguished from other investments through their short-term existence; they mature within 3 months whereas short-term investments are 12 months or less, and long-term investments are any investments that mature in excess of 12 months. oHaving a higher cash ratio (ratio of cash and cash equivalents to current liabilities) suggests that the business is liquid ( it should not have any difficulty in paying very short-term liabilities). oThe concerning aspect of this budget item is its growth. In year six this item was $261,000. In year seven it fell to just $92,376. In year eight it jumped to $414,038, and in year nine, it is projected to be $523,492. Having cash on hand is a good thing, but holding too much cash at the expense of other investments is not such a good thing. Having this much cash sitting around, not working for Competition Bikes is irresponsible.  ·The fourth area of concern is Utilities Expense. oUtilities expense reports the cost of the electricity, heat, sewer, and water used during the period. oThis budget item has grown year-over-year since year six, the first year of data provided. In year six this expense was $130,000. In year seven and grew to $135,000, and in year  eight to $150,000. oGiven the yearly increase in this expense. It is not reasonable to budget the same amount in year nine as in year eight. At least a nominal increase in this budget item is mandated by the historical increase. A2a – Evaluate the flexible budget and its variances A flexible budget is a budget that can be prepared for any level of activity by flexing to reflect an updated activity level. It adjusts the static budget for the actual level of output. The activity that Competition Bikes uses to modify the flexible budget is units sold. Difference between the budgeted amount of expense, or revenue is known as a budget variance. The budget variance is unfavorable when the actual revenue is lower than the budgeted item or when the actual expense is higher than the budgeted item. In essence, the flexible budget is equal to what would have been budgeted had the actual output been known. There are two types of variances considered on Competition Bikes Flexible Budget Performance Report. The first type of variance is an activity variance, which is the difference between a revenue or cost item static planning budget, and the same item in the flexible budget due to the level of activity assumed in the planning budget and the actual activity level. The second type of variance is either a revenue or a spending variance, which describes the difference between how much the revenue or spending on a specific budget item should have been given the actual activity level and the actual revenue or spending for the period. Competition Bikes Flexible Budget Performance Report for year 9 shows that 3510 bikes were plan to be sold, but the actual unit sold was only 3423. Below I will list the activity variance resulting between each budgeted item’s plans. Revenue or expense and extended cost adjustment on the flexible budget. Next, I will highlight the difference between the flexible budget and the actual output. Net sales:  ·Net sales was budgeted to be $5,247,450, at the expected activity level, whereas the flexible budget predicted net sales would equal $5,117,385.  ·Actual net sales were $5,096,847. This is an unfavorable revenue variance of $20,538 resulting most likely from a higher than expected level ofnspoilage and greater than expected expenses.  ·Management should investigate the production process to confirm that the raw materials consumption calculations remain accurate. Direct materials:  ·Direct materials were budgeted to cost $2,292,028. The flexible budget calculated that the actual level of output direct materials would cost $2,235,219.  ·The actual cost of direct materials was $2,035,219, which is a favorable variance of $200,000 and do most likely to purchasing obtaining materials at a lower than anticipated cost.  ·The Direct Materials Efficiency Variance was $100,000 and unfavorable. oAn unfavorable Direct Materials Efficiency Variance indicates that more materials were used than needed or budgeted for the job. oFavorable direct materials efficiency variance results when fewer materials are used than planned. oThere are several possible reasons for this variance  §A miscalculation in the accounting for materials may result in a one-time or temporarily unfavorable direct material efficiency variance. This could also be a systemic issue wherein Management has failed to include scrap or waste required for production into the calculations. oAnother possibility is inferior materials. Lower-quality materials may require the use of more units of a particular material, resulting in an unfavorable direct materials efficiency variance. oWorkers and equipment can also factor into a Direct Materials Efficiency Variance. Spoilage and damage to materials caused by workers, insufficiently trained workers on the production line, and/ or poor supervision can lead to an unfavorable direct material efficiency variance. Additionally, if equipment breaks down or there is a glitch in the operation of a vital machine that results in spoilage or destroyed materials an unfavorable direct material efficiency variance may result.  ·The Direct Materials Price Variance was -$300,000 which indicates that direct material was purchased for a lesser amount than the standard price and is therefore favorable. oA favorable direct material price variance is not always good, however. It is possible that the purchasing department may have purchased lower quality raw materials to generate a favorable direct material price variance. Such a favorable  material price variance will be offset by an unfavorable direct material quantity variance due to wastage of low quality direct material.  ·In Competition Bikes Case, given the Favorable Price Variance and Unfavorable Efficiency Variance the likely cause of this is the purchase of lower quality materials that resulted in greater than planned spoilage.  ·Management should adopt standardized supply chain practices so as to control the quality of materials used in production. This will reduce the amount of spoilage and wasted materials. Additional actions that management may take to more accurately address the forecast of net sales Direct labor:  ·Direct labor was budgeted at $1,053,000. It is calculated $1,026,900 on the flexible budget.  ·The actual cost for direct labor was $1,126,900. This is an unfavorable cost variance of $100,000 and most likely due to a higher than expected mix of less experienced production workers who required more time than the standard to complete the manufacturing process.  ·The Direct Labor Price Variance was $150,000 and unfavorable. oAn unfavorable variance means that the cost of labor was more expensive than anticipated, while a favorable variance indicates that the cost of labor was less expensive than planned. oNewly hired workers will likely get paid less which creates a favorable labor rate variance. oHigher skilled workers who are paid more can create an unfavorable labor rate variance.  ·The Direct Labor Efficiency Variance was -$50,000 and favorable. oThis variance measures the productivity of labor time. oThe possible causes of an unfavorable efficiency variance include poorly trained workers, poor quality materials, faulty equipment, poor supervision, or insufficient demand for company’s products. oA favorable labor efficiency variance indicates better productivity of direct labor direct labor during the period. Possible causes of the favorable labor efficiency variance include the hiring of more high skilled labor, training of the workforce, and the use of better quality raw materials.  ·The easiest way for Competition Bikes to more accurately forecast direct labor cost is to maintain a seasoned production force. Additionally, providing production staff with additional training may decrease production times. Manufacturing  overhead-variable:  ·Variable manufacturing overhead was predicted cost $331,798. The flexible budget calculated this to be $323,574 at this activity level.  ·Actual variable manufacturing overhead was $350,000, which is an unfavorable cost variance of $26,426 and which was likely due to greater than expected facilities and machinery maintenance.  ·The variable manufacturing overhead price variance was $24,000 and unfavorable. oThe company’s actual variable manufacturing overhead costs were more than the amount expected for the actual machine hours used.  ·The variable manufacturing overhead efficiency variance was $2426 and also unfavorable. oThis number illustrates the difference between what was spent and what was expected to be spent in terms of the manufacturing cost per unit.  ·It may be necessary for management to increase their estimations for facility and machinery repair, maintenance. Variable selling expenses:  ·The static budget expected variable selling expenses to be $157,424, whereas the flexible budget calculated to be $153,522 at the lower level of activity.  ·The actual cost of variable selling expenses was equal to the flexible budgets calculation of $153,522. Advertising expenses:  ·Advertising expenses were calculated to be $28,412 on the static budget. The flexible budget predicted this cost to be $27,708.  ·The actual cost of advertising expenses was $31,462, which is an unfavorable cost variance of $3754. This is most likely the result of an increase in fees for the production of advertising materials.  ·The advertising expense price variance was $5000 and unfavorable.  ·The advertising expense efficiency variance is $-1264 and favorable.  ·Advertising expenses can be tricky to curtail, but one way to keep these expenses down, and is close to the budgeted amount as possible is to require detailed weekly expense reports be completed. This metric would allow management to more closely monitor expenses and hold purchasers accountable for their purchases.

Goodnight Mr. Tom

Goodnight Mr. Tom Mr. Tom: He is a bit gruff, but caring in the end. He is mostly a loner but opens his heart, when Willie arrives. William Beech: Scared, abused child who comes to stay with Mr. Tom during the war and later finds out the true feeling of family. Afraid of the belt. George: A friend of Will's at Little Weirwold. Carrie: A friend of Willie, who is fiercely independent and later goes on to attend high school. Zack: An outgoing, funloving boy who is also an evacuee from London staying with a Little Wierwold family. A loyal friend who helps William come out of his shell.Ginnie: Carrie's sister. Annie Hartridge: The beautiful and kind schoolteacher with violet blue eyes and a single long blonde braid. Has a baby, just after Willie starts in her class. Mrs. Fletcher: Caretaker for Mr Tom's house. Geoffrey: An artist living in Spooky Cott after his time at Dunkirk. Recognizes Willie's drawing talent and becomes his art mentor. Emilia Thorne: William's second teacher. Later de velops a relationship with Geoffrey. Mrs. Clarence: A middle-aged woman living in Salmouth, who takes Mr Tom, Willie and Zach in for their holidays. Dobbs: Mr.Tom's horse. Rachel: Mr. Tom's wife who died shortly after childbirth. After her death, Mr. Tom shut himself away from anyone who reminded him about her. Mrs. Black Mr. Bush Nance Mrs. Miller Mr. Peters Christine Trudy: Mrs. Beech's surprise baby. Later dies of mistreatment and malnutrition. Charlie Rudd: A local warden of Deptford. Shows Mr Tom Willie's house and assists in the rescue. Setting England Little Weirwold: The village Willie is evacuated to. Deptford: Willie's home town. Mr. Oakley later travels there. Expressions Wizzo: Expression akin to â€Å"Neato! † or â€Å"Great! Calloo Callay: Originally from Lewis Carroll's â€Å"Jabberwockey,† Calloo Callay is an expression of joy and excitement. Theme Power of Love Summary Abused boy goes to live with grumpy old man in the county because of war. Boy becom es happy, man becomes nice Willie Beech   is evacuated to stay with Mr Tom, where they bond after time. After time Mr Tom willingly adopts him. Quotes â€Å"He called me Dad, he whispered croakily into the darkness. â€Å"He called me Dad. † And, although he felt overwhelmed with happiness, the tears ran silently down his face. – Mr Tom (or Mr. Oakley)

Analysis of West Side Story

Western stories The story of the West was published in 1961 as a melodrama performance in New York. She has the same theme as Shake Spear, Romeo, Juliet. Because it is about two lovers and that relationship can not be accepted by others because of a background conflict. The artistic meaning of this movie can be seen everywhere in the movie. It seems unrealistic to pretend to pick up and mix during the fight, but all dances, songs, performances, and pretend fights are thorough and very good. To discuss the historical development of musicals, this report analyzes Leonard Bernstein 's musical West Side Story. That is how the screen version of 1961 adapts to the revival stage of 2009 Broadway to accommodate contemporary audiences and by using ideas and styles to influence the social and economic impact of the work Indicates whether to reflect their time. The confrontation between the two hostile groups, which is very important to the story, could be further interpreted as a conflict betw een the Catholic and the Jewish community, which was the first intention of Bernstein. But Bernstein grasped the idea that New York's current ethnic tension caused by immigrants in Puerto Rico will provide a stronger story, and he gave him a series of Latin American dance rhythms I will see the opportunity to use without a doubt. He said later ...: West Side Story is recording by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and choreography by Jerome Robbins. This is said to be an interpretation of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. The story of West End and Romeo and Juliet have many similarities and differences in many respects. Work Romeo and Jurriette began in Verona in 1594. In contrast, the story of the Western Region was held in New York City in 1957. Most of the characters in the western district can be seen as modern versions of many characters in the Shakespearean plays. Romeo and Juliet. Tony can be regarded as Romeo, Maria as Juliet, Jet as Monta ge, Shark as Nurse, Leave as Mercurio, Bernardo as Tilbert, Dr. Flare Lawrence, Baltazar. Chino plays Paris, the police acts the prince, Anybodys and Baby John play Bemborio. The story of West End and many scenes of Romeo and Juliet are very similar. West Side Story: The West Side Story is an example between texts and talked about Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet contemporaneously. Tony (Romeo) and Maria (Juliet) are in love. But hostile groups whose families and their loyalty depend on are prohibited from their love. The story of West End creates a new original story using Romeo and Juliet's theme (such as the end of taboo love and tragedy).

World Cinema - Analyze the relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Cinema - Analyze the relationship - Essay Example Guevara and Alberto witnessed injustices that characterized the world at the time under cruel injustices a fact that led to immense suffering of peasants. Self-discovery is a theme that depicts itself in the movie, with the two friends assuming their identities after their experience during the trip. This paper seeks to analyze the relationship between travel and identity in The Motorcycle Diaries. La Poderosa, meaning the mighty one, was the name of Guevara and Alberto’s motorcycle, which did not successfully complete their journey. Their journey started in their native land, Argentina. The two friends helped each other throughout the journey with medicine and food supplies. They also shared their expenses as well as money. It is through this journey that the growth in the two friends is emphasized. Not only do they stand up for each other, but they also looked into the plight of the disadvantaged in areas they visited. An example is the leper colony that they assisted in Easter Island despite them being cast out far from human contact. They even shook hands with these lepers without wearing gloves despite the risk of contracting leprosy themselves. To prove this, Guevara swims across the Amazon River, which barricaded the lepers from the doctors and nurses in solidarity with the isolated lepers. Their sense of humanity and responsibility also comes to play when they s howed their concern for the dirty and poor state hospitals in Chile, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru. This shows their journey of self-development, which is evident through their actions. At the start of the journey, Guevara and Alberto are just two young friends who are searching for fun and adventure. They appear as restless, with wild spirits that are imaginative. However, their encounters and reaction to situations that came their way indicate their care for humanity as well as their goodwill. It can be concluded that the journey

How is Entropy and Information Gain Theory used in Coding Theory Research Paper

How is Entropy and Information Gain Theory used in Coding Theory - Research Paper Example In a communication arrangement, two sources of coding are evident, the first one is the source coding, which focuses on efficiency provision of digital presentation from source signal. Secondly, we have the channel coding mainly the error-control coding which is for the provision of reliable communications through noisy channels (Ashikhmin, Barg & Dimacs 47) In coding theory, entropy and information gain theory offers various roles. Firstly, it is concerned with data reduction, which happens mostly studying a given task and coming across extra material called side information. This will result to the need of data reduction. Therefore, appliance of entropy and information will be of pronounced meaning because it will lessen the extra information. This theory can also interpret the extra information to represent context or situation information (Roth 6). Secondly, entropy and information theory concerns the determination of indecision that is allied with the given information. For exam ple, if certain specific information is on conduction and this theory happens to known it before the transmission of that material, it will lead to the failure of that information going through transmission. Entropy focuses on maximization during the equiprobable of meanings thus determining vagueness (Roth 7). Thirdly, this theory promotes intelligence and application of secrecy to information. These concepts mostly apply to cryptography compounded with cryptanalysis (Roth 7). It focuses on the redundancy of plaintext by giving the least quantity of ciphertext ensuring exceptional decipherability. Here information theory makes us be certain that it is hard to keep any secret (Golomb, Peile & Scholtz 202). Fourthly, entropy and information gain theory deals with the gathering of unpolluted disciplines, which have already gone through investigation and transformed to engineering practice. It deals with very broad applications thus the vitality of coding theory. Fifthly, this theory i s important when it comes to â€Å"error-correcting codes† in computers with high-speed memories (Cover & Thomas 13). These codes are of vital use when it comes to enhancing the reliability of computer memories. Here the computers contain unusual features that are rarely in communication applications. These errors are due to encoding, decoding, and uncommon type of errors. When this occurs, the entropy and information gain theory are able to detect double error appearing at the same time, correcting the single errors (Cover & Thomas 13). Source coding theory is about well-organized demonstration of given data that are from a certain information source (Gray 34). For example when it is an image-coding, achieving source coding can be through manipulating terminations of that image. To attain â€Å"noiseless source coding†, the measures of given information and its complexity should be observed. Central to this, the entropy and information theory is of application when it comes to detection of total information. This theory also helps when it comes to arithmetic coding compounded with statistical modeling (Kannappan 174). Arithmetic coding avoids assigning certain bit of given patterns to the original source symbol. In entropy and information theory, a connotation with a code is given and it concludes the order of symbol. These code words have sub intervals showing the disparity